How Do Other Living Things get Energy?

INSTRUCTIONS: COPY OR PRINT THE FOLLOWING FACTS:



All living things need energy to survive. Plants get the energy they need from trapping light.
Animals are different from plants because animals cannot use light energy to make sugar. Animals depend on plants for food.
When an animal eats a part of a plant, it is receiving sugar, minerals, and energy, it needs all this to grow.

Vocabulary words:
consumer: a living thing that gets energy by eating plants and other animals. Consumers are grouped according to the type of food they eat.

1.herbivore: a consumer that eats plants.
2.carnivore: a consumer that eats other consumers
3.omnivore: a consumer that eats both plants and other consumers.

PRINT AND PASTE THE FOLLOWING IMAGE




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Classwork/ homework

Copy or print the following questions and answer them in separate sheet of paper.

Answer the following questions.


Define cells, tissues, organs, and systems in you own words.

Q 1: A (tissue, organ, system) is a group of the same kinds of cells that work together.
Choose the right answer.
tissue
organ
system

Q 2: Some tissues and organs work together like the members of the team. The parts that work together are called a _____________.
system
group
cell

Q 3: Different tissues work together to form _________ .
cells
system
organs

Q 4: Brain, heart and lungs are some of the important _______________ in a body.
cells
system
organs
tissues

Q 5: In a body there are many different kinds of cells.
false
none
true

Q 6: A lot of cells of the same kind join together to form a __________ .
organs
tissue
cells
system

PLATES

Early Earth

map scales

OUTER LAYERS OF THE EARTH

MATERIALS:
clay of different colors
cardboard
construction paper
Permanent markers
Pencils

Objectives:
Identify the different layers of the Earth.
Develop fine motors skills using clay.

Review for Science quiz

Any living being consisting of a single cell.
Most are invisible without a microscope but a few, such as the giant amoeba, may be visible to the naked eye.

The main groups of unicellular organisms are bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi or yeasts.

Some become disease-causing agents (pathogens).

All living things have a circle of life. Birth, growth, reproduction, and death are natural parts of the natural world.


A prokaryote is an organism that is almost always single-celled.
The prokaryote’s DNA travels openly around the cell.
All bacteria are prokaryotes.

An eukaryote is an organism that can either be single-celled or multi-celled, can reproduce in one of several ways (e.g. meisos, mitosis) and has a cell nucleus within which its DNA is contained.

Tissues

RUMINANTS

RUMINANTS
Animals having a rumen - a large digestive vat in which fibrous plant material is partially broken down by microbial fermentation, prior to digestion in a "true" stomach (the abomasum). There are also two other stomachs - the reticulum and the omasum. Typical ruminants are cattle and sheep.

mammal which chews cud, such as a cow or deer; chewing cud.

For the most part, the digestive system of ruminants is very similar to that of other mammals, but the stomach is considerably different from the so-called "monogastric" condition.

The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, to think; and as wildly laughable as the idea of a cow "thinking" may be, nevertheless, the contemplative and placid expression on a cow's face as she "chews her cud" does sort of give the impression that she's dealing with serious world problems.

You may have heard it said that cows have "four stomachs."

In an anatomic sense this is incorrect; there really is only one stomach, but it does have divisions.

The first three divisions of the ruminant stomach are sometimes considered to be diverticula of the esophagus; there is considerable debate on this point, however, and some authorities consider them derivatives of the stomach.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species. Sometimes a symbiotic relationship benefits both species, sometimes one species benefits at the other's expense, and in other cases neither species benefits.

Ecologists use a different term for each type of symbiotic relationship:

Mutualism
-- both species benefit
Commensalism
-- one species benefits, the other is unaffected
Parasitism
-- one species benefits, the other is harmed
Competition
-- neither species benefits
Neutralism
-- both species are unaffected

Indus Valley Civilization

CELLS

The Cell Overview
Early Contributions
Robert Hooke - The first person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
Anton van Leeuwenhock - Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673)
Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed that the tissues of animals had cells (1839)
Mattias Schleiden - botonist, observed that the tissues of plants contained cells ( 1845)
Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )

The Cell Theory
1. Every living organism is made of one or more cellss.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. It is the smallest unit that can perform life functions.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

*Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a Fact?
Cell Features

Ribosomes - make protein for use by the organism
Cytoplasm - jelly-like goo on the inside of the cell
DNA - genetic material
Cytoskeleton - the internal framework of the cell
Cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell, some stuff can cross the cell membrane.

Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus.
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
DNA of bacteria is circular.
The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"

Other features found in some bacteria:

Flagella - used for movement
Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cells
Capsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells.
These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules").


The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts:
cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell
cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell
nucleus - the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell functions

ORGANELLES WITH DNA
* The Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA
* ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY - eukaryotic cells evolved from the engulfing of bacteria cells, thus creating additional cell parts

CELL MEMBRANE
* Function: to regulate what comes into the cell and what goes out
* Composed of a double layer of phospholipids and proteins

Cell projects

Cell Project
Purpose: The purpose of this projectis to make a 3D model of a cell in order to better understand the parts and workings of a cell.
Using household items make a three-dimensional model of a plant or animal cell that meets the criteria listed below. (Sample items: cereal, balloons, gummi worms, mints, fruit slices, dried fruit, matches, gum balls, peanuts, rope licorice, jelly beans, sesame seeds, other candies, toothpicks. Craft packages also may work: clay, beads, pipecleaners..etc)

Choose what type of cell you will build, a typical plant or animal cell. Include this label somewhere on your model.
Create a KEY or label in some way each part on your model and its function.
Cell Project Rubric

Category Scoring Criteria Excellent
(3 pts) Satisfactory
(2 pts) Needs Work
(1 pt)

Craftsmanship Model cell is creative and shows effort
The model is 3 dimensional
Model stays together, is not too messy or cumbersome to move around

Cell Parts Type of cell and student name are found on both the key and the model
Key, legend, or labeling easy to use to identify the parts on your model
Accurate description of the function of each cell part is provided
Appropriate material is used (item looks like the cell part)
Shape corresponds to the type of cell: plant or animal

Written word Grammar, spelling
Score Total Points